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[Music]

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hello and welcome to the show i'm martin

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willis your host and i have a very

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interesting guest from the uh seti

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institute on tonight dr frank marshes or

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marchese i

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he's from france i forgot

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i forgot to ask him

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his last name and uh uh sorry about the

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rough start uh we're ready to go

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can you explain to the audience

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uh

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your background and what got you

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interested in the ufo topic

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well my i'm an astronomer i'm a senior

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astronomer at the set at the set

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institute um

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an institution we search for life any

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type of life in the universe

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you probably know about the set

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institute and the audience as well

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i started my career 25 years ago even

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looking for

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a building instruments ground-based

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telescope instruments with adaptive

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optics in the goal of improving the

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image quality of telescopes so starting

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with four meter class telescope that

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went to a 10 meter class telescope like

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the cake the vlt and the image planets

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um in our solar system asteroids fine

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asteroids with moons etc then went to

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the exoplanet field to search for

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exoplanets planets in orbit and other

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stars

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and then basically we went from that to

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uh i joined the institute the city

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institute

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and i've been working there for more

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than 10 years now on

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developing instruments to search for

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life developing instruments to search

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for earth-like exoplanets from the

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ground but also from space and i'm also

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part of the outreach and communication

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team of the city institute so i talk a

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lot about our search for life

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but in fact i'm going to confess

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something i found a text i wrote when i

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was 17 years

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um

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i was a kind of a hacker at the time

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when i was and i

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and i wrote a text that was part of a

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program and so on something complicated

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but then i can read myself and i talk

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about the fermi paradox and i talk about

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city and the importance of searching for

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life so at 17 i was already

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focusing on on doing this but i don't

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think i ever dreamed that i would become

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an astronomer at the city institute

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well i was hoping you're going to say

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i've seen a lot of stuff in the sky yes

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yeah but but things that you've seen can

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be explained so far or yes everything

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can be explained yeah yeah

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um but and we're going to get into all

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that because i i listen to you on

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another program you're not close-minded

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now i had sort of i would call it a

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debate with

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your colleague seth shawstak who is now

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79 years old and still looks pretty

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young for that age he's still doing he's

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still right there working away right

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yes he's still uh we have meetings every

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week in fact

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but anyway um you know he was he was i

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after listening to you and talking with

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seth

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i would have to say that you're more

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open-minded to the possibility that at

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least something is happening um i i

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never like to say that it's aliens

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myself because i really feel that no one

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really knows for sure what that what the

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strange objects are that people are

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seeing but um what do you think about

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that in general and i and one thing i

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sort of accused seth of when he was on

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my show i said of course if you said

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there's possible ufos and it's possible

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they

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some of them

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may be extraterrestrials somehow

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then you would lose your funding right

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you know i i pose that question to them

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but um so

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so what do you think in general about um

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at least what's going on i

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i know that uh a new program was just

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set up with a better uh acronym i think

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it's called aaro or something like that

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it's about anomalous uh research um but

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anyway what do you think about all that

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in general

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so i think what you're asking me is what

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i think about the recent activity in the

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uaps basically right um yeah i mean

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there's there's more scientific look at

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it now than ever before

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so

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i'm i'm part of these scientists that

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believe

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that it's interesting that first of all

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people pay attention to this and

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people are interesting

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in the in the existence of uaps and

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etcetera civilization i'm part of the

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generation who grew up with those people

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and and frankly i met some of them and i

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do respect what they do some of them are

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extremely

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using scientific method to try to

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understand what's going on building

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instruments trying to do some recording

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and so on so i think it's important that

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we we let the people do their own

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investigation science should not be part

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only of the scientific community other

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people should be able to do science

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sometimes they shake

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uh our ideas and they bring some new

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ideas to the to the field so i do

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appreciate that

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i have no personal views about uaps

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because i'm not part of these people who

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have done and studies those videos and

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those more recent videos

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i believe as scientists we should pay

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attention to that as scientists we

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should bring our expertise to the

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studies of those videos to the

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understanding of what's going on what

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has been photographed what has been

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filmed especially in the most recent

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videos especially those coming from

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military aircraft and so on because

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those instruments are extremely

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similar to the instrument we're using

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on telescopes so there is people in the

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community that can bring expertise in

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understanding analyzing those videos

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they should be uh astronomers should be

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part of it

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we should be part of this conversation

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and helping analyzing those observations

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i have to tell you and since you've been

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at this for a while you you probably

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would agree don't you think the needle

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has moved on that in the last

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three years or so

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uh because before it was like such a

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taboo topic for any scientist and now

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there's an organization i have a small

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involvement with like the scu the

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scientific coalition for uap studies

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there's and there that's full of really

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great scientists that are

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really taking a hard look at this which

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uh i think is is important and i you

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bring up a good point

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that a lot of times someone from the

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outside can you know

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maybe think out of the box a little bit

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uh that may be able to help a lot of

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discoveries i'm sure made that in that

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manner

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yeah

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and you know the fact that nasa is as

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is putting together an uap independent

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study group

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is the sign that the needle has moved

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is the sign that it does move in a way

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that we need to give an answer to the

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people

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i mean we cannot be scientists living uh

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in the bubble tower or hiding our head

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in the sand and pretending that nothing

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is happening i mean my kids talk to me

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about uaps

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and uh and they are they teenager they

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yeah they want to know what's going on

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and that's normal so we need to provide

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an answer and providing an answer will

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be done using the scientific method in

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my mind and that's uh that's why this

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community community that nasa is putting

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together is a very important step toward

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bringing answers and maybe ex bringing

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experts around the table to understand

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what's going on

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and uh you know it

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do you think it's possible that even

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with all the scientific instruments

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being used that we still may not be able

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to even if we have really good data we

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still may not be able to understand

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what's going on or do you think that

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that we definitely will what's your

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thoughts on that

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well my thought is that there is more

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than i forgot the number about 400

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sites or 400 recordings of weird stuff

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happening in the sky

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and we probably gonna spend years and

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probably get some explanation for three

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quarter or

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even more of them and there will be

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still some which will remain mysterious

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and in a way they miss their use because

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they uh because we don't have an

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explanation yet but don't forget that

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science evolved very quickly

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and that's one of the reason i would i

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like the fact that we have been putting

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together those scientists on the table

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because one of the problem we have is

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also that we don't have the tools yet to

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interpret this data

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properly so having those experts around

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the table will help getting those

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those models to understand what's going

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on to be able to analyze this data and

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provide a response whatever the response

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will be we will have some

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some measurements some calculations

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right um i think it was shock valet i

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don't know if you've ever heard of him

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he's out he's out your way he's in san

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francisco but he's been looking at this

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topic for many years he's a computer

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scientist but um

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i think

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said something along the lines where if

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we found out what they were we may not

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even understand

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and

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something along the lines that

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you know it may be several things all

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all of you know not just just you know

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not just extraterrestrial but it could

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be all all different types of things

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next week i have dr michael masterzon

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who has a theory of time travel

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um you know which is another interesting

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aspect i i love to hear about all these

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different thoughts on what we may be

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seeing but there really is you know i

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mean when you see

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someone like david fravor uh talking

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about

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that tick tock tick tack encounter back

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in 2004

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and a a very credible witness um along

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um

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uh there were some other people also i'm

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trying to remember of the name of the

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female alex dietrich

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also um

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was

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a wing woman during that and saw the

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same thing you know they all saw this

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together

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and

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you know when you get some

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credible like that and then you have all

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the data from that uh it just seems like

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we should be able to

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crack something and you know when the

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that data the data disappeared on that i

283
00:11:01,190 --> 00:10:59,040
know that uh uh

284
00:11:02,870 --> 00:11:01,200
that it was taken by someone i'm going

285
00:11:04,870 --> 00:11:02,880
to have gary voorhees on here in a

286
00:11:06,630 --> 00:11:04,880
couple weeks he's going to talk about

287
00:11:08,150 --> 00:11:06,640
exactly what happened during that

288
00:11:09,269 --> 00:11:08,160
encounter

289
00:11:10,710 --> 00:11:09,279
so

290
00:11:11,990 --> 00:11:10,720
that thing this has been happening i'm

291
00:11:15,030 --> 00:11:12,000
sure you're probably not aware of this

292
00:11:16,150 --> 00:11:15,040
but for years the government has taken

293
00:11:21,750 --> 00:11:16,160
away

294
00:11:23,350 --> 00:11:21,760
you know from people i don't know where

295
00:11:26,069 --> 00:11:23,360
it is where it went

296
00:11:28,069 --> 00:11:26,079
but that has happened repetit repeatedly

297
00:11:29,030 --> 00:11:28,079
over the years all the way back uh

298
00:11:31,110 --> 00:11:29,040
gordon

299
00:11:33,430 --> 00:11:31,120
um

300
00:11:35,750 --> 00:11:33,440
gordon cooper talks about

301
00:11:37,269 --> 00:11:35,760
um when he was out in the desert

302
00:11:39,750 --> 00:11:37,279
uh he wasn't filming but they were

303
00:11:43,190 --> 00:11:39,760
filming a crew that he had was filming

304
00:11:45,190 --> 00:11:43,200
you know some test planes and this ufo

305
00:11:46,790 --> 00:11:45,200
came and landed right there

306
00:11:48,710 --> 00:11:46,800
during the during the filming so they

307
00:11:51,110 --> 00:11:48,720
got it on really good film

308
00:11:52,949 --> 00:11:51,120
he brought it had it developed he

309
00:11:54,470 --> 00:11:52,959
actually saw it up to the light he could

310
00:11:56,470 --> 00:11:54,480
see exactly what they were telling him

311
00:11:58,870 --> 00:11:56,480
about but he had to ship that off and

312
00:12:00,790 --> 00:11:58,880
that went to washington like a with a

313
00:12:02,710 --> 00:12:00,800
courier so

314
00:12:05,750 --> 00:12:02,720
the stuff has been going somewhere for

315
00:12:07,910 --> 00:12:05,760
all the way back since the late 1940s

316
00:12:09,509 --> 00:12:07,920
and so but i'm not saying

317
00:12:11,269 --> 00:12:09,519
i'm not saying because it's been going

318
00:12:12,710 --> 00:12:11,279
somewhere

319
00:12:15,910 --> 00:12:12,720
i'm not trying to be a conspiracy

320
00:12:17,790 --> 00:12:15,920
theorist but they probably have

321
00:12:19,590 --> 00:12:17,800
somewhere in the government or

322
00:12:21,910 --> 00:12:19,600
compartmentalized somewhere they have

323
00:12:24,710 --> 00:12:21,920
this data but i don't think they know

324
00:12:27,990 --> 00:12:24,720
anything more about it than anyone else

325
00:12:29,030 --> 00:12:28,000
still i mean that's my thoughts about it

326
00:12:31,269 --> 00:12:29,040
yeah

327
00:12:32,710 --> 00:12:31,279
just i don't know much about these data

328
00:12:33,990 --> 00:12:32,720
but the fact that they exist and the

329
00:12:35,190 --> 00:12:34,000
fact that they have been stored

330
00:12:37,829 --> 00:12:35,200
somewhere

331
00:12:40,230 --> 00:12:37,839
um means that they could be

332
00:12:42,629 --> 00:12:40,240
and maybe the fact that nasa will uh

333
00:12:45,190 --> 00:12:42,639
request access to them may change the

334
00:12:46,230 --> 00:12:45,200
the game here maybe we will have more of

335
00:12:48,230 --> 00:12:46,240
those

336
00:12:49,670 --> 00:12:48,240
that are revealed because scientific

337
00:12:52,629 --> 00:12:49,680
investigation

338
00:12:55,190 --> 00:12:52,639
have been done on them and scientists

339
00:12:56,470 --> 00:12:55,200
will come with some kind of explanation

340
00:12:57,430 --> 00:12:56,480
that's my hope

341
00:13:00,389 --> 00:12:57,440
again

342
00:13:02,550 --> 00:13:00,399
i i'm a true believer in transparency

343
00:13:03,829 --> 00:13:02,560
for science because that's the way we do

344
00:13:05,030 --> 00:13:03,839
progress

345
00:13:06,710 --> 00:13:05,040
so

346
00:13:09,269 --> 00:13:06,720
the game is changing the rules are

347
00:13:10,949 --> 00:13:09,279
changing and i think the public has been

348
00:13:12,870 --> 00:13:10,959
helping with that and i'm glad that this

349
00:13:14,710 --> 00:13:12,880
is happening

350
00:13:16,470 --> 00:13:14,720
yes uh lee spiegel just

351
00:13:18,629 --> 00:13:16,480
said that was yeah gordon cooper at

352
00:13:21,350 --> 00:13:18,639
edwards air force base uh where that

353
00:13:23,190 --> 00:13:21,360
landing was so i think that's i think

354
00:13:26,150 --> 00:13:23,200
that's great i think that's really great

355
00:13:27,750 --> 00:13:26,160
that that uh people like you do not uh

356
00:13:30,230 --> 00:13:27,760
say i don't know if you ever heard of

357
00:13:33,190 --> 00:13:30,240
stanton friedman he's a uh longtime

358
00:13:35,110 --> 00:13:33,200
ufologist uh he used to say uh don't

359
00:13:37,509 --> 00:13:35,120
bother me with the facts my mind is made

360
00:13:39,030 --> 00:13:37,519
up you know that's how a lot of uh

361
00:13:41,189 --> 00:13:39,040
unfortunately a lot of people in the

362
00:13:42,150 --> 00:13:41,199
science field

363
00:13:44,310 --> 00:13:42,160
kind of

364
00:13:46,629 --> 00:13:44,320
touted that type of response because it

365
00:13:48,389 --> 00:13:46,639
was such a taboo subject they didn't

366
00:13:49,350 --> 00:13:48,399
want to touch ufos

367
00:13:51,189 --> 00:13:49,360
you know

368
00:13:53,509 --> 00:13:51,199
uh now we call them uaps i don't know if

369
00:13:55,430 --> 00:13:53,519
it makes anything better yeah do you do

370
00:13:57,990 --> 00:13:55,440
you ever use the term uap and someone

371
00:13:59,990 --> 00:13:58,000
asks you what what does that mean

372
00:14:03,110 --> 00:14:00,000
and then you have to say ufo

373
00:14:05,509 --> 00:14:03,120
yes yes it's uh

374
00:14:06,470 --> 00:14:05,519
and sometimes in french we say of me

375
00:14:07,829 --> 00:14:06,480
which is

376
00:14:09,829 --> 00:14:07,839
even

377
00:14:12,629 --> 00:14:09,839
more difficult so yeah

378
00:14:14,230 --> 00:14:12,639
yeah i have to explain you a p04 of that

379
00:14:16,150 --> 00:14:14,240
but yeah it's

380
00:14:17,990 --> 00:14:16,160
the way we we call them is not what

381
00:14:19,269 --> 00:14:18,000
really matters is what they are exactly

382
00:14:22,310 --> 00:14:19,279
very important

383
00:14:24,790 --> 00:14:22,320
a rose is a rose yeah um

384
00:14:26,150 --> 00:14:24,800
yeah so well this is this is a

385
00:14:29,269 --> 00:14:26,160
to me this is an interesting

386
00:14:31,350 --> 00:14:29,279
conversation um because i i like what

387
00:14:33,030 --> 00:14:31,360
you you're saying you know science is

388
00:14:34,629 --> 00:14:33,040
supposed to be open you know the

389
00:14:36,949 --> 00:14:34,639
discoveries are happening all the time

390
00:14:39,509 --> 00:14:36,959
and i liked having avi loeb on the

391
00:14:42,069 --> 00:14:39,519
couple times i had him on

392
00:14:44,389 --> 00:14:42,079
um because he is open-minded and he said

393
00:14:46,550 --> 00:14:44,399
we should have the curiosity of a child

394
00:14:48,790 --> 00:14:46,560
looking at these things which i think is

395
00:14:51,030 --> 00:14:48,800
really important

396
00:14:52,870 --> 00:14:51,040
and you know you think about what is is

397
00:14:55,430 --> 00:14:52,880
it dark matter makes up something like

398
00:14:57,350 --> 00:14:55,440
90 something percent of the universe we

399
00:15:00,310 --> 00:14:57,360
have no idea what that is

400
00:15:02,710 --> 00:15:00,320
right i mean yeah

401
00:15:05,269 --> 00:15:02,720
we we still don't know a lot we still

402
00:15:07,189 --> 00:15:05,279
don't know a lot in fact and that's uh

403
00:15:09,110 --> 00:15:07,199
that's why it's great we send space

404
00:15:11,829 --> 00:15:09,120
telescopes and

405
00:15:14,069 --> 00:15:11,839
take bulldoze gigantic telescope and to

406
00:15:16,230 --> 00:15:14,079
realize that how much we don't know

407
00:15:19,030 --> 00:15:16,240
about our own universe and we don't even

408
00:15:20,710 --> 00:15:19,040
know much about planets in our own solar

409
00:15:22,470 --> 00:15:20,720
system we still don't know whether it is

410
00:15:25,350 --> 00:15:22,480
beneath the crest of

411
00:15:27,910 --> 00:15:25,360
of ice of europe of ocean of

412
00:15:30,150 --> 00:15:27,920
europa and ganymede for instance we have

413
00:15:32,550 --> 00:15:30,160
suspicion that there could be life there

414
00:15:34,629 --> 00:15:32,560
microbiological life but we still didn't

415
00:15:36,550 --> 00:15:34,639
go there so

416
00:15:40,550 --> 00:15:36,560
yeah

417
00:15:43,829 --> 00:15:40,560
i know there's going to be some type of

418
00:15:45,269 --> 00:15:43,839
an observation of that moon right

419
00:15:46,069 --> 00:15:45,279
uh there's something being sent out

420
00:15:47,829 --> 00:15:46,079
there

421
00:15:49,110 --> 00:15:47,839
at some point

422
00:15:52,389 --> 00:15:49,120
yeah there is

423
00:15:54,550 --> 00:15:52,399
two major projects one is to launch

424
00:15:56,230 --> 00:15:54,560
the clipper europa mission is basically

425
00:15:57,269 --> 00:15:56,240
a mission that's going to orbit around

426
00:15:59,829 --> 00:15:57,279
europa

427
00:16:00,790 --> 00:15:59,839
and be able to analyze the

428
00:16:03,829 --> 00:16:00,800
um

429
00:16:05,910 --> 00:16:03,839
the geysers the gas coming out right off

430
00:16:10,470 --> 00:16:05,920
of the crust through the crust

431
00:16:12,150 --> 00:16:10,480
uh that's one one mission and for um

432
00:16:14,790 --> 00:16:12,160
for enceladus

433
00:16:16,949 --> 00:16:14,800
uh which is the moon of saturn there is

434
00:16:19,749 --> 00:16:16,959
this idea of sending a mission through

435
00:16:21,749 --> 00:16:19,759
the vent of the gas there and capturing

436
00:16:24,310 --> 00:16:21,759
crystal of ice because we know it's snow

437
00:16:27,110 --> 00:16:24,320
on the surface of this tiny moon and

438
00:16:28,629 --> 00:16:27,120
analyze those on board the telus onboard

439
00:16:31,910 --> 00:16:28,639
the the

440
00:16:33,350 --> 00:16:31,920
the robotic spacecraft to see if there

441
00:16:36,150 --> 00:16:33,360
is some kind of

442
00:16:37,749 --> 00:16:36,160
biology happening in the surf underneath

443
00:16:40,710 --> 00:16:37,759
the surface as well

444
00:16:42,790 --> 00:16:40,720
so we are making progress we are

445
00:16:44,470 --> 00:16:42,800
developing instruments we don't have yet

446
00:16:46,949 --> 00:16:44,480
the funding for some of those missions

447
00:16:49,189 --> 00:16:46,959
but specifically the one for enceladus

448
00:16:51,749 --> 00:16:49,199
but it may come

449
00:16:54,629 --> 00:16:51,759
right right so can you explain what your

450
00:16:56,389 --> 00:16:54,639
typical day at at city when you're

451
00:16:59,590 --> 00:16:56,399
involved in doing something for seti

452
00:17:02,310 --> 00:16:59,600
what what is what is that like

453
00:17:03,509 --> 00:17:02,320
um so i managed a group of multiple

454
00:17:05,510 --> 00:17:03,519
scientists

455
00:17:07,990 --> 00:17:05,520
who work on specifically on the

456
00:17:11,829 --> 00:17:08,000
unistellar network i don't know if you

457
00:17:16,829 --> 00:17:12,710
no

458
00:17:19,750 --> 00:17:16,839
unistellar

459
00:17:22,630 --> 00:17:19,760
unisa yeah those are the still i have

460
00:17:25,110 --> 00:17:22,640
one telescope behind me here um so those

461
00:17:28,789 --> 00:17:25,120
are net uh telescopes that people can

462
00:17:31,510 --> 00:17:28,799
get uh purchase for themselves which are

463
00:17:33,510 --> 00:17:31,520
telescope which are extremely powerful

464
00:17:35,029 --> 00:17:33,520
digital smart robotic telescope that

465
00:17:37,350 --> 00:17:35,039
everybody can use

466
00:17:39,190 --> 00:17:37,360
and with this telescope

467
00:17:41,510 --> 00:17:39,200
we have a partnership with the city

468
00:17:43,669 --> 00:17:41,520
institute so we basically at the city

469
00:17:46,310 --> 00:17:43,679
institute we can send alerts to the

470
00:17:49,190 --> 00:17:46,320
entire network of those tiny telescopes

471
00:17:51,270 --> 00:17:49,200
around the world and they observe things

472
00:17:53,430 --> 00:17:51,280
happening in the sky for us

473
00:17:55,510 --> 00:17:53,440
so unistellar

474
00:17:57,350 --> 00:17:55,520
is a private company and set institute

475
00:17:59,510 --> 00:17:57,360
is the scientific

476
00:18:01,110 --> 00:17:59,520
institution for this project

477
00:18:02,870 --> 00:18:01,120
so if there is a comment happening in

478
00:18:06,230 --> 00:18:02,880
the sky like right now there is comment

479
00:18:07,110 --> 00:18:06,240
k2 i can send a notification and people

480
00:18:09,110 --> 00:18:07,120
not

481
00:18:11,270 --> 00:18:09,120
record the observation and send us the

482
00:18:13,909 --> 00:18:11,280
observation and we can create a super

483
00:18:16,390 --> 00:18:13,919
image of this comment by combining all

484
00:18:18,789 --> 00:18:16,400
the data so we're creating a community

485
00:18:21,190 --> 00:18:18,799
of cities and astronauts

486
00:18:23,990 --> 00:18:21,200
and they basically help city institute's

487
00:18:26,150 --> 00:18:24,000
researcher to do research which could be

488
00:18:28,630 --> 00:18:26,160
planetary defense to help defending the

489
00:18:31,270 --> 00:18:28,640
planets comets activity cometary

490
00:18:33,430 --> 00:18:31,280
activity it could be as well transiting

491
00:18:35,990 --> 00:18:33,440
exoplanets we can detect

492
00:18:38,950 --> 00:18:36,000
jupiter size exoplanet transiting stars

493
00:18:41,430 --> 00:18:38,960
using this telescope so we end of course

494
00:18:43,029 --> 00:18:41,440
we're ready for the unexpected if

495
00:18:45,430 --> 00:18:43,039
something happening in the sky and we

496
00:18:47,590 --> 00:18:45,440
want to characterize it quickly i can

497
00:18:50,789 --> 00:18:47,600
just basically send an alert through our

498
00:18:51,750 --> 00:18:50,799
slack channel we have 1 000 observers

499
00:18:53,909 --> 00:18:51,760
right now

500
00:18:56,390 --> 00:18:53,919
and they will be able to observe it it

501
00:18:58,070 --> 00:18:56,400
would be night somewhere on this planet

502
00:19:00,710 --> 00:18:58,080
and they will be able to observe what's

503
00:19:02,950 --> 00:19:00,720
going on so this is one of the one of

504
00:19:04,470 --> 00:19:02,960
the big outreach scientific projects of

505
00:19:06,950 --> 00:19:04,480
the city institute

506
00:19:08,870 --> 00:19:06,960
and i'm the lead of this project

507
00:19:10,870 --> 00:19:08,880
and we have multiple scientists

508
00:19:14,230 --> 00:19:10,880
doing this so

509
00:19:16,390 --> 00:19:14,240
doing this implies uh basically get

510
00:19:19,350 --> 00:19:16,400
communicating to the public

511
00:19:21,110 --> 00:19:19,360
involving us citizen astronomers making

512
00:19:24,230 --> 00:19:21,120
sure they observe

513
00:19:26,950 --> 00:19:24,240
we have a robotic smart pipeline that

514
00:19:28,549 --> 00:19:26,960
process the data almost in real time so

515
00:19:29,909 --> 00:19:28,559
they get quickly the result of the

516
00:19:32,070 --> 00:19:29,919
observations

517
00:19:33,029 --> 00:19:32,080
so we are creating this community of

518
00:19:36,230 --> 00:19:33,039
eyes

519
00:19:39,190 --> 00:19:36,240
capable of observing the sky 24 7

520
00:19:43,270 --> 00:19:40,950
amazing that's amazing that's really

521
00:19:45,669 --> 00:19:43,280
great that's really great before we move

522
00:19:48,150 --> 00:19:45,679
on i just want to go back quickly to

523
00:19:50,070 --> 00:19:48,160
uh dark matter if i could

524
00:19:50,870 --> 00:19:50,080
and my question is

525
00:19:52,630 --> 00:19:50,880
um

526
00:19:55,110 --> 00:19:52,640
do

527
00:19:56,870 --> 00:19:55,120
astronomers kind of like kick around you

528
00:19:58,870 --> 00:19:56,880
know when they're like i don't know

529
00:20:00,070 --> 00:19:58,880
golfing or out at a bar or something

530
00:20:01,350 --> 00:20:00,080
like that

531
00:20:03,669 --> 00:20:01,360
their thoughts and what the

532
00:20:05,990 --> 00:20:03,679
possibilities i know

533
00:20:07,990 --> 00:20:06,000
no one really knows what it is but uh

534
00:20:09,990 --> 00:20:08,000
what are some of the possibilities that

535
00:20:12,549 --> 00:20:10,000
people kick around that you've heard of

536
00:20:15,270 --> 00:20:12,559
what dark matter may actually be

537
00:20:16,710 --> 00:20:15,280
so that's not my feel at all so okay i'm

538
00:20:19,190 --> 00:20:16,720
not gonna be

539
00:20:21,909 --> 00:20:19,200
i'm just gonna say that one of the most

540
00:20:24,390 --> 00:20:21,919
radical idea that we have about dark

541
00:20:27,430 --> 00:20:24,400
matter and dark matter is that in fact

542
00:20:32,070 --> 00:20:27,440
dark matter is not does not exist

543
00:20:33,990 --> 00:20:32,080
what ex dark matter is here to show

544
00:20:36,390 --> 00:20:34,000
that the fact that we don't understand

545
00:20:38,870 --> 00:20:36,400
the structure of the universe

546
00:20:39,669 --> 00:20:38,880
so dark matter is probably making

547
00:20:44,070 --> 00:20:39,679
yeah

548
00:20:46,789 --> 00:20:44,080
probably makes more sense because i i

549
00:20:48,390 --> 00:20:46,799
know you know einstein's theory and and

550
00:20:49,909 --> 00:20:48,400
and um

551
00:20:51,669 --> 00:20:49,919
i'm trying to remember exactly what it's

552
00:20:54,230 --> 00:20:51,679
called you know when they're the it's

553
00:20:55,430 --> 00:20:54,240
moving away the red uh what's it called

554
00:20:57,430 --> 00:20:55,440
the red chief

555
00:20:58,630 --> 00:20:57,440
the red shift yeah and stuff like that

556
00:21:01,190 --> 00:20:58,640
but uh

557
00:21:03,110 --> 00:21:01,200
it's so hard to understand uh

558
00:21:04,470 --> 00:21:03,120
everything and like you said earlier you

559
00:21:06,230 --> 00:21:04,480
know we're making discoveries all the

560
00:21:09,750 --> 00:21:06,240
time science is always making new

561
00:21:11,270 --> 00:21:09,760
discoveries and i think the saying um

562
00:21:12,470 --> 00:21:11,280
i'm trying to remember

563
00:21:14,549 --> 00:21:12,480
um

564
00:21:16,789 --> 00:21:14,559
who it was that they the saying goes

565
00:21:18,789 --> 00:21:16,799
something like we we know what we know

566
00:21:19,750 --> 00:21:18,799
is a drop and what we don't know is an

567
00:21:21,990 --> 00:21:19,760
ocean

568
00:21:24,710 --> 00:21:22,000
and that's like a real old saying you

569
00:21:26,870 --> 00:21:24,720
know it's uh that's probably true

570
00:21:29,750 --> 00:21:26,880
and what i often say when i explain

571
00:21:31,750 --> 00:21:29,760
science to uh to people is that science

572
00:21:34,070 --> 00:21:31,760
is not an answer

573
00:21:35,990 --> 00:21:34,080
it's an approximation

574
00:21:37,270 --> 00:21:36,000
so that's mean what i mean by that is

575
00:21:38,390 --> 00:21:37,280
that

576
00:21:40,630 --> 00:21:38,400
when you

577
00:21:43,270 --> 00:21:40,640
the theory we built

578
00:21:44,950 --> 00:21:43,280
are basically an attempt to reflect the

579
00:21:50,149 --> 00:21:44,960
reality

580
00:21:52,870 --> 00:21:50,159
that what we we can perceive

581
00:21:56,230 --> 00:21:52,880
a human being so that's the reason we

582
00:21:58,230 --> 00:21:56,240
have very complex now theory of the of

583
00:21:59,669 --> 00:21:58,240
the structure of the universe and we

584
00:22:01,350 --> 00:21:59,679
have been trying to

585
00:22:02,149 --> 00:22:01,360
to basically uh

586
00:22:05,750 --> 00:22:02,159
um

587
00:22:08,149 --> 00:22:05,760
study them using the lhc and so on

588
00:22:10,390 --> 00:22:08,159
and they fit more or less the existence

589
00:22:11,590 --> 00:22:10,400
of the boson of x and so on seems to fit

590
00:22:13,110 --> 00:22:11,600
the theory

591
00:22:15,990 --> 00:22:13,120
but now

592
00:22:18,789 --> 00:22:16,000
we are noticing already using the lsc

593
00:22:21,029 --> 00:22:18,799
the large hydrogen collider some slight

594
00:22:23,909 --> 00:22:21,039
variation in the theory

595
00:22:25,430 --> 00:22:23,919
and those slight variations are truly

596
00:22:26,710 --> 00:22:25,440
what is interesting

597
00:22:29,590 --> 00:22:26,720
because they

598
00:22:32,230 --> 00:22:29,600
implies that we we have an approximation

599
00:22:34,710 --> 00:22:32,240
of the reality so we need to build

600
00:22:37,029 --> 00:22:34,720
better theory to really encompass and

601
00:22:39,029 --> 00:22:37,039
understand the structure of the universe

602
00:22:42,310 --> 00:22:39,039
so that's why science is always an

603
00:22:45,029 --> 00:22:42,320
approximation which evolve over time and

604
00:22:47,430 --> 00:22:45,039
get better and better i hope

605
00:22:49,270 --> 00:22:47,440
so one day we will fix this problem of

606
00:22:51,350 --> 00:22:49,280
the dark matter one day we will

607
00:22:54,870 --> 00:22:51,360
understand that this black matter is

608
00:22:57,270 --> 00:22:54,880
maybe an interaction with particles from

609
00:22:58,710 --> 00:22:57,280
another kind of dimension that we don't

610
00:23:01,830 --> 00:22:58,720
perceive i don't know i'm making up

611
00:23:03,909 --> 00:23:01,840
stories here but we will probably evolve

612
00:23:06,230 --> 00:23:03,919
and this evolution is important in

613
00:23:08,390 --> 00:23:06,240
science science should be always moving

614
00:23:10,070 --> 00:23:08,400
forward and always changing

615
00:23:13,990 --> 00:23:10,080
and the only way you can do that is by

616
00:23:18,230 --> 00:23:16,149
and and and and let go of your beliefs

617
00:23:20,950 --> 00:23:18,240
if they're wrong

618
00:23:24,070 --> 00:23:20,960
right yeah yeah um

619
00:23:25,750 --> 00:23:24,080
so i i would like to talk uh about the

620
00:23:27,590 --> 00:23:25,760
james webb telescope i was really

621
00:23:29,990 --> 00:23:27,600
excited about that i actually got to see

622
00:23:32,549 --> 00:23:30,000
it down at garter's space center when it

623
00:23:33,630 --> 00:23:32,559
was being built um well i was there

624
00:23:37,110 --> 00:23:33,640
around

625
00:23:38,390 --> 00:23:37,120
2017 i think or earlier

626
00:23:40,390 --> 00:23:38,400
and

627
00:23:42,789 --> 00:23:40,400
you know they started it it started out

628
00:23:44,230 --> 00:23:42,799
as a billion dollar project

629
00:23:47,990 --> 00:23:44,240
then it was a three billion dollar

630
00:23:49,110 --> 00:23:48,000
project and then but it's so complicated

631
00:23:51,990 --> 00:23:49,120
because

632
00:23:54,470 --> 00:23:52,000
of how they had to get this thing up in

633
00:23:58,149 --> 00:23:54,480
space and not have any problems i know

634
00:24:01,029 --> 00:23:58,159
there was something like 344

635
00:24:03,430 --> 00:24:01,039
first point um failures or something

636
00:24:05,590 --> 00:24:03,440
like that before launching but i mean

637
00:24:08,390 --> 00:24:05,600
the the mirror is what gets me the

638
00:24:10,149 --> 00:24:08,400
mirror is like a mirror that stacked

639
00:24:11,510 --> 00:24:10,159
together i saw that i saw the mirror

640
00:24:12,310 --> 00:24:11,520
when they had it out when i was down

641
00:24:13,990 --> 00:24:12,320
there

642
00:24:15,990 --> 00:24:14,000
and um

643
00:24:17,190 --> 00:24:16,000
but it had to be stacked on top of each

644
00:24:19,350 --> 00:24:17,200
other

645
00:24:22,390 --> 00:24:19,360
and then it's uh

646
00:24:24,710 --> 00:24:22,400
it's just crazy how it it it goes out a

647
00:24:27,350 --> 00:24:24,720
million miles in space

648
00:24:28,789 --> 00:24:27,360
and unfolds itself and then the tennis

649
00:24:31,269 --> 00:24:28,799
court size

650
00:24:33,110 --> 00:24:31,279
shield goes out everything went exactly

651
00:24:34,789 --> 00:24:33,120
the way it was supposed to which is

652
00:24:37,110 --> 00:24:34,799
really amazing and now it can be out

653
00:24:38,630 --> 00:24:37,120
there for something like 20 years and

654
00:24:40,149 --> 00:24:38,640
not

655
00:24:41,830 --> 00:24:40,159
uh with the amount of fuel because

656
00:24:47,110 --> 00:24:41,840
everything went so smoothly which i

657
00:24:51,669 --> 00:24:49,350
so uh were you following that all along

658
00:24:53,830 --> 00:24:51,679
when that launched and everything yeah

659
00:24:55,110 --> 00:24:53,840
and in fact the unistellar network that

660
00:24:57,909 --> 00:24:55,120
i mentioned

661
00:25:01,669 --> 00:24:57,919
uh follow it we follow the entire java

662
00:25:03,110 --> 00:25:01,679
ust from the take from the launch almost

663
00:25:05,590 --> 00:25:03,120
all the way to when you reach the

664
00:25:08,310 --> 00:25:05,600
lagrange point so we have data that i

665
00:25:10,390 --> 00:25:08,320
showed the opening of the sun shield the

666
00:25:13,430 --> 00:25:10,400
opening of the primary mirror has been

667
00:25:15,750 --> 00:25:13,440
detected using our our telescope

668
00:25:19,110 --> 00:25:15,760
and this is done with a community of 50

669
00:25:21,990 --> 00:25:19,120
people around the world 50 observers 57

670
00:25:24,789 --> 00:25:22,000
exactly observe that and we have the

671
00:25:26,710 --> 00:25:24,799
data to show this and we also see the

672
00:25:29,190 --> 00:25:26,720
glint of the solar panel from time to

673
00:25:31,590 --> 00:25:29,200
time when the orientation was perfect we

674
00:25:33,830 --> 00:25:31,600
see as well that located the telescope

675
00:25:36,710 --> 00:25:33,840
in a way that it was spinning on itself

676
00:25:39,590 --> 00:25:36,720
in six hours so those are data that we

677
00:25:41,269 --> 00:25:39,600
collected with this telescope and

678
00:25:43,669 --> 00:25:41,279
basically

679
00:25:46,230 --> 00:25:43,679
been very useful for nasa

680
00:25:48,549 --> 00:25:46,240
to know as what's going on we hope that

681
00:25:49,350 --> 00:25:48,559
in the future when the telescope is

682
00:25:51,029 --> 00:25:49,360
being

683
00:25:52,710 --> 00:25:51,039
have some issue for istan they will

684
00:25:54,630 --> 00:25:52,720
position it the same way that he was

685
00:25:56,310 --> 00:25:54,640
when they launched it to the long

686
00:25:58,230 --> 00:25:56,320
lagrange point and we can take the same

687
00:26:00,230 --> 00:25:58,240
measurement and see for instance some

688
00:26:02,630 --> 00:26:00,240
variation of light due to the

689
00:26:04,870 --> 00:26:02,640
degradation of the sun shield or the

690
00:26:06,789 --> 00:26:04,880
primary mirror i don't hope for that but

691
00:26:08,710 --> 00:26:06,799
it may happen so we basically have

692
00:26:11,430 --> 00:26:08,720
collected the data that will be the

693
00:26:12,230 --> 00:26:11,440
standard to analyze and to understand

694
00:26:20,789 --> 00:26:12,240
the

695
00:26:23,350 --> 00:26:20,799
could have gone wrong and it's just

696
00:26:26,470 --> 00:26:23,360
amazing that uh it went so smoothly i

697
00:26:28,149 --> 00:26:26,480
mean i'm sure everyone was breathing a

698
00:26:29,750 --> 00:26:28,159
sigh of relief when that

699
00:26:31,990 --> 00:26:29,760
when that launched yeah first of all i

700
00:26:33,909 --> 00:26:32,000
mean you know

701
00:26:35,510 --> 00:26:33,919
everybody here's a question yeah here's

702
00:26:37,590 --> 00:26:35,520
a question um

703
00:26:40,470 --> 00:26:37,600
about the james webb telescope that came

704
00:26:42,950 --> 00:26:40,480
in from chat will the webb telescope

705
00:26:45,430 --> 00:26:42,960
be able to look at what object is

706
00:26:47,110 --> 00:26:45,440
influencing neptune's orbit are you

707
00:26:49,029 --> 00:26:47,120
familiar with that

708
00:26:51,110 --> 00:26:49,039
yes so we

709
00:26:52,870 --> 00:26:51,120
with the the general space telescope is

710
00:26:54,950 --> 00:26:52,880
designed to observe in the mid infrared

711
00:26:56,710 --> 00:26:54,960
file infrared mostly

712
00:26:58,710 --> 00:26:56,720
so it means that he will be able to

713
00:27:02,870 --> 00:26:58,720
observe very distant

714
00:27:08,070 --> 00:27:04,830
the reason for this is because when they

715
00:27:10,549 --> 00:27:08,080
far they are basically cold because

716
00:27:13,190 --> 00:27:10,559
solar system body don't emit light they

717
00:27:15,350 --> 00:27:13,200
simply reflect light so if they far away

718
00:27:17,830 --> 00:27:15,360
from the sun they have extremely cold

719
00:27:19,269 --> 00:27:17,840
temperatures they reflect light they

720
00:27:20,389 --> 00:27:19,279
emit light which is mostly in the

721
00:27:23,830 --> 00:27:20,399
infrared

722
00:27:26,230 --> 00:27:23,840
so we we hope to be able to use the jwst

723
00:27:28,630 --> 00:27:26,240
to truly understand the outer part of

724
00:27:31,669 --> 00:27:28,640
the solar system understand what's going

725
00:27:34,470 --> 00:27:31,679
on beyond the orbit of neptune detect

726
00:27:36,549 --> 00:27:34,480
even larger transit object we can we

727
00:27:40,310 --> 00:27:36,559
know a few of them which are 1 000

728
00:27:42,389 --> 00:27:40,320
kilometer or less 300 kilometer

729
00:27:44,070 --> 00:27:42,399
around the sun and we know there is

730
00:27:46,789 --> 00:27:44,080
significantly more because we see

731
00:27:49,430 --> 00:27:46,799
perturbation in this complex family so

732
00:27:51,430 --> 00:27:49,440
the jwst will probably find some of them

733
00:27:52,470 --> 00:27:51,440
or at least help us to understand what

734
00:27:55,430 --> 00:27:52,480
they are

735
00:27:58,789 --> 00:27:55,440
what they do in terms of rotation

736
00:28:02,070 --> 00:27:58,799
um on themselves their size if they are

737
00:28:04,870 --> 00:28:02,080
moons etc so it's going to be a game

738
00:28:06,870 --> 00:28:04,880
changer for us to basically be able to

739
00:28:09,669 --> 00:28:06,880
use this telescope to study the outer

740
00:28:13,590 --> 00:28:09,679
part of the solar system

741
00:28:15,510 --> 00:28:13,600
now the the james webb also

742
00:28:18,310 --> 00:28:15,520
has a way to

743
00:28:21,510 --> 00:28:18,320
possibly detect if there's life

744
00:28:22,470 --> 00:28:21,520
on um you know on a um an earth-like

745
00:28:24,710 --> 00:28:22,480
planet

746
00:28:27,190 --> 00:28:24,720
um yeah i'm trying to remember there's

747
00:28:28,950 --> 00:28:27,200
one that's a system that's 40 light

748
00:28:31,110 --> 00:28:28,960
years away trappist

749
00:28:32,470 --> 00:28:31,120
what's it called one

750
00:28:35,029 --> 00:28:32,480
trapezoid

751
00:28:37,190 --> 00:28:35,039
these are the targets yeah three uh

752
00:28:39,190 --> 00:28:37,200
three three earth-like planets around

753
00:28:41,510 --> 00:28:39,200
there now can you explain to the

754
00:28:43,190 --> 00:28:41,520
audience how james webb may be able to

755
00:28:45,750 --> 00:28:43,200
detect i know it has to do with uh

756
00:28:48,310 --> 00:28:45,760
reflect the planet going in front of the

757
00:28:51,990 --> 00:28:48,320
sun and all that can and the atmosphere

758
00:28:54,149 --> 00:28:52,000
right so jwst was not designed to

759
00:28:55,510 --> 00:28:54,159
directly image exoplanets he will but

760
00:28:57,269 --> 00:28:55,520
that's not really what he's going to be

761
00:28:59,430 --> 00:28:57,279
able to do the most

762
00:29:02,149 --> 00:28:59,440
is going to be able to analyze the

763
00:29:05,909 --> 00:29:02,159
atmosphere of a planet when the planet

764
00:29:07,909 --> 00:29:05,919
is passing between us and the host star

765
00:29:09,830 --> 00:29:07,919
so when the star the planet is passing

766
00:29:12,149 --> 00:29:09,840
in from the star the light of the star

767
00:29:13,830 --> 00:29:12,159
slightly decrease in intensity it's very

768
00:29:16,470 --> 00:29:13,840
small and we're talking about

769
00:29:19,350 --> 00:29:16,480
less than a percent definitely

770
00:29:21,510 --> 00:29:19,360
and but jwst will be also able to

771
00:29:22,470 --> 00:29:21,520
analyze the the drop

772
00:29:23,590 --> 00:29:22,480
of

773
00:29:26,470 --> 00:29:23,600
brightness

774
00:29:28,310 --> 00:29:26,480
and see the color of this drop and by

775
00:29:30,710 --> 00:29:28,320
looking at the color of this drop it

776
00:29:33,350 --> 00:29:30,720
will be able to analyze the composition

777
00:29:35,830 --> 00:29:33,360
of the atmosphere of those planets

778
00:29:39,350 --> 00:29:35,840
so one of the big projects we have at

779
00:29:41,830 --> 00:29:39,360
jwst is to observe those planets with

780
00:29:44,070 --> 00:29:41,840
orbit around the star

781
00:29:46,470 --> 00:29:44,080
and are in the habitable zone in the

782
00:29:48,470 --> 00:29:46,480
zone where you expect to find water

783
00:29:51,590 --> 00:29:48,480
and be able to analyze the atmosphere of

784
00:29:53,669 --> 00:29:51,600
those planets if we see for instance the

785
00:29:55,830 --> 00:29:53,679
presence of gas

786
00:29:58,710 --> 00:29:55,840
similar gas is similar to what you see

787
00:30:01,269 --> 00:29:58,720
on earth it may imply that this planet

788
00:30:04,950 --> 00:30:01,279
is very similar to our own planet i'm

789
00:30:06,830 --> 00:30:04,960
talking about detection of nitrogen o3

790
00:30:09,750 --> 00:30:06,840
carbon carbon

791
00:30:11,909 --> 00:30:09,760
dioxide etc etc if we see the same

792
00:30:15,190 --> 00:30:11,919
composition chemical composition in this

793
00:30:18,149 --> 00:30:15,200
on this planet you may say wow there is

794
00:30:19,669 --> 00:30:18,159
life and life similar to our on this

795
00:30:21,510 --> 00:30:19,679
planet

796
00:30:22,789 --> 00:30:21,520
and we have no guarantee that it will

797
00:30:26,149 --> 00:30:22,799
work

798
00:30:29,430 --> 00:30:26,159
but we uh we are starting the search

799
00:30:31,590 --> 00:30:29,440
using this uh space telescope

800
00:30:32,470 --> 00:30:31,600
and so i know that

801
00:30:35,350 --> 00:30:32,480
um

802
00:30:39,029 --> 00:30:35,360
seti is using the radio telescopes i

803
00:30:40,149 --> 00:30:39,039
believe um the array and all that but

804
00:30:43,430 --> 00:30:40,159
how

805
00:30:45,710 --> 00:30:43,440
ex exactly are

806
00:30:49,510 --> 00:30:45,720
i i know the wow signal i can't was that

807
00:30:51,669 --> 00:30:49,520
1979 or 1980 or whenever it was

808
00:30:54,870 --> 00:30:51,679
that's interesting but how is seti

809
00:30:58,310 --> 00:30:54,880
looking besides radio signals what are

810
00:31:00,070 --> 00:30:58,320
the other ways is seti trying to protect

811
00:31:02,149 --> 00:31:00,080
life out there

812
00:31:04,230 --> 00:31:02,159
so there is beautiful way i could talk

813
00:31:06,310 --> 00:31:04,240
about this for hours but let me just

814
00:31:07,830 --> 00:31:06,320
tell you that one of the major way we

815
00:31:08,950 --> 00:31:07,840
are doing we're developing new

816
00:31:11,029 --> 00:31:08,960
instrument

817
00:31:13,190 --> 00:31:11,039
to search for lasers

818
00:31:16,070 --> 00:31:13,200
coming from civilizations

819
00:31:18,389 --> 00:31:16,080
so you can expect that if a civilization

820
00:31:20,549 --> 00:31:18,399
slightly more advanced than us let's

821
00:31:23,190 --> 00:31:20,559
take 10 20 years

822
00:31:25,350 --> 00:31:23,200
more advanced we'll probably communicate

823
00:31:27,669 --> 00:31:25,360
essentially using lasers

824
00:31:31,590 --> 00:31:27,679
because it's it's a better way it's

825
00:31:33,669 --> 00:31:31,600
faster you can send more data etc so if

826
00:31:36,149 --> 00:31:33,679
they know we are here because there's

827
00:31:38,870 --> 00:31:36,159
already this they've this uh used and

828
00:31:40,870 --> 00:31:38,880
developed a new space telescope

829
00:31:42,950 --> 00:31:40,880
they will basically be able to use their

830
00:31:45,669 --> 00:31:42,960
lasers onto us

831
00:31:48,310 --> 00:31:45,679
to tell us we are here

832
00:31:49,990 --> 00:31:48,320
well if they do that right now

833
00:31:52,149 --> 00:31:50,000
there is very few chance that this will

834
00:31:54,789 --> 00:31:52,159
be detected because almost nobody is

835
00:31:57,909 --> 00:31:54,799
looking for laser guard laser spot in

836
00:32:00,870 --> 00:31:57,919
the sky so cities developed what we call

837
00:32:03,830 --> 00:32:00,880
the laser city array and which is an

838
00:32:05,830 --> 00:32:03,840
area that observe the entire sky 24 7.

839
00:32:07,830 --> 00:32:05,840
we have one station in california a

840
00:32:10,149 --> 00:32:07,840
second one in hawaii and we're going to

841
00:32:12,389 --> 00:32:10,159
open multiple stations around the world

842
00:32:14,870 --> 00:32:12,399
so we can completely cover the entire

843
00:32:16,630 --> 00:32:14,880
sky and see continuously there is a

844
00:32:18,950 --> 00:32:16,640
laser pulse

845
00:32:21,269 --> 00:32:18,960
coming from an intelligent civilization

846
00:32:23,430 --> 00:32:21,279
who simply wants to tell us we are here

847
00:32:25,190 --> 00:32:23,440
and we want to communicate

848
00:32:28,630 --> 00:32:25,200
so this look like science fiction but

849
00:32:30,789 --> 00:32:28,640
it's happening right now um that's one

850
00:32:33,590 --> 00:32:30,799
one project which is the search for

851
00:32:35,430 --> 00:32:33,600
techno signatures then at city institute

852
00:32:38,470 --> 00:32:35,440
in fact a lot of us

853
00:32:40,950 --> 00:32:38,480
i would say more than 70 scientists

854
00:32:44,149 --> 00:32:40,960
do work in the search for

855
00:32:46,070 --> 00:32:44,159
life in our solar system by

856
00:32:47,590 --> 00:32:46,080
helping developing instruments that will

857
00:32:50,149 --> 00:32:47,600
be able to dig

858
00:32:52,070 --> 00:32:50,159
underneath the surface of mars

859
00:32:54,389 --> 00:32:52,080
see in the cave of mars whether or not

860
00:32:57,430 --> 00:32:54,399
there is life or stance so enceladus

861
00:32:59,430 --> 00:32:57,440
that we mentioned europa etc

862
00:33:01,269 --> 00:32:59,440
and a very large proportion of those

863
00:33:02,470 --> 00:33:01,279
scientists are now developing

864
00:33:04,230 --> 00:33:02,480
instruments

865
00:33:05,669 --> 00:33:04,240
capable of

866
00:33:07,669 --> 00:33:05,679
discovering

867
00:33:10,070 --> 00:33:07,679
and analyzing

868
00:33:12,149 --> 00:33:10,080
analyzing the atmosphere of exoplanets

869
00:33:13,669 --> 00:33:12,159
because exoplanets are really truly the

870
00:33:18,630 --> 00:33:13,679
next

871
00:33:22,710 --> 00:33:18,640
know that there is two exoplanets in

872
00:33:25,269 --> 00:33:22,720
average in our galaxy with 400 billion

873
00:33:27,669 --> 00:33:25,279
stars in our galaxy so that's a lot of

874
00:33:30,470 --> 00:33:27,679
planets and we know that 30

875
00:33:31,830 --> 00:33:30,480
of those planets have liquid water

876
00:33:34,630 --> 00:33:31,840
so that means there is a lot of

877
00:33:37,269 --> 00:33:34,640
potential habitable world over there in

878
00:33:38,710 --> 00:33:37,279
our galaxy so now we need to use those

879
00:33:40,630 --> 00:33:38,720
instruments

880
00:33:44,070 --> 00:33:40,640
that will be a ball

881
00:33:46,789 --> 00:33:44,080
to see or to detect the presence of life

882
00:33:47,909 --> 00:33:46,799
on those exoplanets

883
00:33:49,509 --> 00:33:47,919
now

884
00:33:51,430 --> 00:33:49,519
i'm going to ask you for an opinion i

885
00:33:54,549 --> 00:33:51,440
know scientists don't like to give

886
00:33:57,269 --> 00:33:54,559
opinions too much but um what do you

887
00:33:59,750 --> 00:33:57,279
think how comfortable would you be in

888
00:34:01,509 --> 00:33:59,760
saying that you're 100

889
00:34:04,830 --> 00:34:01,519
certain that there's got to be life out

890
00:34:04,840 --> 00:34:09,270
so got me here

891
00:34:13,430 --> 00:34:12,069
so i will never say 100 certain about

892
00:34:16,470 --> 00:34:13,440
something

893
00:34:17,829 --> 00:34:16,480
even uh even in life i would i will

894
00:34:18,550 --> 00:34:17,839
never say that

895
00:34:21,190 --> 00:34:18,560
but

896
00:34:23,349 --> 00:34:21,200
what motivate me in my research

897
00:34:25,669 --> 00:34:23,359
is the belief that there is a life

898
00:34:27,349 --> 00:34:25,679
elsewhere definitely

899
00:34:28,869 --> 00:34:27,359
i mean i could not be working at the

900
00:34:30,149 --> 00:34:28,879
city institute

901
00:34:32,950 --> 00:34:30,159
without

902
00:34:35,109 --> 00:34:32,960
believing that there is life elsewhere

903
00:34:37,829 --> 00:34:35,119
the likeliness of having no life in our

904
00:34:40,069 --> 00:34:37,839
galaxy outside our own planet it's so

905
00:34:42,310 --> 00:34:40,079
small that it's impossible i would say

906
00:34:46,230 --> 00:34:42,320
so that's my main motivation

907
00:34:48,149 --> 00:34:46,240
yeah yeah i mean i i i agree i mean life

908
00:34:51,109 --> 00:34:48,159
i mean if you look where we find life on

909
00:34:54,310 --> 00:34:51,119
this planet in impossible places and

910
00:34:56,629 --> 00:34:54,320
life really fights to be here you know

911
00:34:59,030 --> 00:34:56,639
so i imagine it would fight to be

912
00:35:00,790 --> 00:34:59,040
uh anywhere uh someone when you were

913
00:35:02,390 --> 00:35:00,800
talking about your telescope program the

914
00:35:04,790 --> 00:35:02,400
one you have behind you there

915
00:35:08,150 --> 00:35:04,800
someone wanted to know um how they could

916
00:35:09,109 --> 00:35:08,160
get involved in that program

917
00:35:11,990 --> 00:35:09,119
so

918
00:35:14,230 --> 00:35:12,000
uh is that the unistellar program

919
00:35:15,030 --> 00:35:14,240
yes we talk a lot yeah

920
00:35:17,349 --> 00:35:15,040
well

921
00:35:18,710 --> 00:35:17,359
the idea is simply to to purchase a

922
00:35:21,910 --> 00:35:18,720
telescope

923
00:35:24,470 --> 00:35:21,920
uh we do have uh we we have distributors

924
00:35:27,589 --> 00:35:24,480
around the world uh you can also go on

925
00:35:31,270 --> 00:35:27,599
our website unistellar.com

926
00:35:32,950 --> 00:35:31,280
i will put the link somewhere after and

927
00:35:35,030 --> 00:35:32,960
you can get this telescope and as soon

928
00:35:37,750 --> 00:35:35,040
you get this telescope you learn how to

929
00:35:40,950 --> 00:35:37,760
use it for observation in your house

930
00:35:42,150 --> 00:35:40,960
show galaxies nebulae and so on but then

931
00:35:44,550 --> 00:35:42,160
later on

932
00:35:46,470 --> 00:35:44,560
when you feel ready you basically on the

933
00:35:49,349 --> 00:35:46,480
app there is a there is a tiny button

934
00:35:51,829 --> 00:35:49,359
you say join the citizen science project

935
00:35:55,109 --> 00:35:51,839
or something like that and you basically

936
00:35:57,829 --> 00:35:55,119
get from us an invitation to join the

937
00:35:59,670 --> 00:35:57,839
slack channel to get notification when

938
00:36:02,470 --> 00:35:59,680
something is happening in the sky and

939
00:36:04,150 --> 00:36:02,480
then you become citizen scientist

940
00:36:06,150 --> 00:36:04,160
oh how about that well that's really

941
00:36:07,910 --> 00:36:06,160
interesting and that link is in the show

942
00:36:10,150 --> 00:36:07,920
notes for anyone that's listening to

943
00:36:12,310 --> 00:36:10,160
this you can go to our website podcast

944
00:36:14,310 --> 00:36:12,320
ufo and it's right in the show notes for

945
00:36:17,829 --> 00:36:14,320
this particular one uh

946
00:36:19,990 --> 00:36:17,839
mary always has great questions and you

947
00:36:22,790 --> 00:36:20,000
said something about defending the

948
00:36:23,670 --> 00:36:22,800
planet so she wanted to know

949
00:36:24,870 --> 00:36:23,680
um

950
00:36:26,710 --> 00:36:24,880
she wanted to know what you're defending

951
00:36:29,109 --> 00:36:26,720
the planet from

952
00:36:31,030 --> 00:36:29,119
the planetary defense program is

953
00:36:32,790 --> 00:36:31,040
defending the planets again as the road

954
00:36:34,870 --> 00:36:32,800
impact it's not that exciting and i

955
00:36:37,510 --> 00:36:34,880
think that's ending

956
00:36:40,550 --> 00:36:37,520
yeah no aliens i i i think that's

957
00:36:42,630 --> 00:36:40,560
extremely important um you know i don't

958
00:36:44,630 --> 00:36:42,640
i think that's very important because

959
00:36:46,630 --> 00:36:44,640
you know it's happened before and it

960
00:36:48,710 --> 00:36:46,640
could certainly happen

961
00:36:51,030 --> 00:36:48,720
again it's it's it's scary that we're

962
00:36:52,390 --> 00:36:51,040
not you know not really protected from

963
00:36:54,390 --> 00:36:52,400
asteroids and

964
00:36:56,710 --> 00:36:54,400
uh you know we could

965
00:36:58,950 --> 00:36:56,720
you know we saw that happen at celabinsk

966
00:37:01,190 --> 00:36:58,960
um you know several years ago and that

967
00:37:03,589 --> 00:37:01,200
was that was just a small bust-sized one

968
00:37:06,550 --> 00:37:03,599
but i mean you have something four miles

969
00:37:08,470 --> 00:37:06,560
long that is hidden by the sun and all

970
00:37:10,310 --> 00:37:08,480
of a sudden is coming right at us you

971
00:37:13,510 --> 00:37:10,320
know what do we do

972
00:37:14,230 --> 00:37:13,520
what do you think the future of that is

973
00:37:19,349 --> 00:37:14,240
well

974
00:37:20,710 --> 00:37:19,359
that if we want to find intelligent life

975
00:37:23,030 --> 00:37:20,720
elsewhere

976
00:37:24,790 --> 00:37:23,040
we need to basically

977
00:37:26,950 --> 00:37:24,800
live a long enough

978
00:37:29,430 --> 00:37:26,960
in time because we basically start in

979
00:37:31,349 --> 00:37:29,440
the search present recently only 35

980
00:37:34,150 --> 00:37:31,359
years we observe like

981
00:37:36,310 --> 00:37:34,160
a few hundred million stars if you want

982
00:37:38,310 --> 00:37:36,320
to observe the 400 billion star and the

983
00:37:39,670 --> 00:37:38,320
3 trillion galaxies that's going to take

984
00:37:40,870 --> 00:37:39,680
a long time

985
00:37:42,870 --> 00:37:40,880
so

986
00:37:45,910 --> 00:37:42,880
my idea is that the development of

987
00:37:47,510 --> 00:37:45,920
technology of civilization also depends

988
00:37:49,750 --> 00:37:47,520
on the survival

989
00:37:51,589 --> 00:37:49,760
meaning that if we want to be become an

990
00:37:53,430 --> 00:37:51,599
advanced civilization

991
00:37:54,550 --> 00:37:53,440
we need to have a planetary defense

992
00:37:56,790 --> 00:37:54,560
program

993
00:37:58,790 --> 00:37:56,800
because it will happen that an asteroid

994
00:38:01,270 --> 00:37:58,800
will impact our planet

995
00:38:04,150 --> 00:38:01,280
it will happen maybe not tomorrow it

996
00:38:06,710 --> 00:38:04,160
will happen in 200 years but we need to

997
00:38:08,950 --> 00:38:06,720
have a way to and to know that this is

998
00:38:10,390 --> 00:38:08,960
when this is going to happen and how to

999
00:38:12,710 --> 00:38:10,400
mitigate this

1000
00:38:14,069 --> 00:38:12,720
any intelligent civilization in our

1001
00:38:16,230 --> 00:38:14,079
galaxy

1002
00:38:18,390 --> 00:38:16,240
probably already is facing the same

1003
00:38:19,990 --> 00:38:18,400
issue and they already developed this if

1004
00:38:20,710 --> 00:38:20,000
they were if they're more advanced than

1005
00:38:22,710 --> 00:38:20,720
us

1006
00:38:25,109 --> 00:38:22,720
so that's part of an evolution of a

1007
00:38:28,310 --> 00:38:25,119
technology called civilization to be

1008
00:38:29,270 --> 00:38:28,320
able to do this to divert an asteroid to

1009
00:38:33,030 --> 00:38:29,280
save

1010
00:38:34,870 --> 00:38:33,040
the biosphere of its planet right now if

1011
00:38:37,109 --> 00:38:34,880
we didn't have jupiter we'd be in a lot

1012
00:38:39,270 --> 00:38:37,119
more trouble than we are right

1013
00:38:41,109 --> 00:38:39,280
i mean yes that's uh the shield of

1014
00:38:42,870 --> 00:38:41,119
jupiter has been extremely useful to

1015
00:38:45,109 --> 00:38:42,880
protect us against

1016
00:38:47,589 --> 00:38:45,119
comets specifically coming from the

1017
00:38:50,550 --> 00:38:47,599
distance distant

1018
00:38:51,589 --> 00:38:50,560
out cloud so we should thanks jupiter

1019
00:38:54,390 --> 00:38:51,599
every day

1020
00:38:58,829 --> 00:38:54,400
for being the planet that protected us

1021
00:39:02,950 --> 00:39:01,750
uh hang on just a minute i have i'm

1022
00:39:05,270 --> 00:39:02,960
trying to understand i have an

1023
00:39:06,150 --> 00:39:05,280
astronomer texting me here a friend of

1024
00:39:07,510 --> 00:39:06,160
mine

1025
00:39:08,310 --> 00:39:07,520
and um

1026
00:39:11,829 --> 00:39:08,320
um

1027
00:39:14,069 --> 00:39:11,839
i think uh oh he has uh some remote

1028
00:39:15,589 --> 00:39:14,079
telescopes i'm trying to get this what

1029
00:39:16,390 --> 00:39:15,599
he's trying to say here

1030
00:39:18,870 --> 00:39:16,400
um

1031
00:39:20,870 --> 00:39:18,880
maybe maybe i'll ask him

1032
00:39:24,390 --> 00:39:20,880
to uh to call in

1033
00:39:25,349 --> 00:39:24,400
and if if he can um let me let me just

1034
00:39:28,310 --> 00:39:25,359
uh

1035
00:39:30,390 --> 00:39:28,320
do you mind if i bring on a friend no go

1036
00:39:31,589 --> 00:39:30,400
ahead she's a friend

1037
00:39:33,349 --> 00:39:31,599
yeah yeah

1038
00:39:35,109 --> 00:39:33,359
let's see if i can do this

1039
00:39:36,710 --> 00:39:35,119
um

1040
00:39:40,870 --> 00:39:36,720
i'm gonna just invite him on if he can

1041
00:39:40,880 --> 00:39:46,390
uh he's listening and he has a

1042
00:39:50,390 --> 00:39:47,750
oh i don't think he can come on but

1043
00:39:52,069 --> 00:39:50,400
anyway uh i'll i'll i'll send you his

1044
00:39:52,950 --> 00:39:52,079
question later when i understand exactly

1045
00:39:58,470 --> 00:39:52,960
what

1046
00:39:59,829 --> 00:39:58,480
you are welcome to pose some questions

1047
00:40:01,109 --> 00:39:59,839
in the chat

1048
00:40:03,109 --> 00:40:01,119
um and

1049
00:40:05,349 --> 00:40:03,119
are we only here's one here are we only

1050
00:40:07,349 --> 00:40:05,359
looking for exoplanets in our

1051
00:40:09,510 --> 00:40:07,359
own galaxy i mean that's that's the only

1052
00:40:11,510 --> 00:40:09,520
capability we have at this point right

1053
00:40:13,589 --> 00:40:11,520
if you go out oh here comes here comes

1054
00:40:15,030 --> 00:40:13,599
mark right now my friend mark just

1055
00:40:16,069 --> 00:40:15,040
joined us but go ahead and answer that

1056
00:40:18,150 --> 00:40:16,079
if you would

1057
00:40:20,150 --> 00:40:18,160
so we just started searching for

1058
00:40:22,550 --> 00:40:20,160
exoplanet outside our galaxy and we

1059
00:40:24,390 --> 00:40:22,560
think we found some one of them outside

1060
00:40:26,710 --> 00:40:24,400
our galaxy

1061
00:40:29,910 --> 00:40:26,720
but we cheated we basically

1062
00:40:32,069 --> 00:40:29,920
uh observed a galaxy which has been kind

1063
00:40:34,870 --> 00:40:32,079
of

1064
00:40:37,349 --> 00:40:34,880
absorbed by our own galaxy and we found

1065
00:40:39,910 --> 00:40:37,359
a planet around one of those stars

1066
00:40:42,150 --> 00:40:39,920
wow that's kind of exciting yeah yeah

1067
00:40:44,550 --> 00:40:42,160
so having all the planets in a planet in

1068
00:40:46,309 --> 00:40:44,560
other galaxies is important

1069
00:40:47,990 --> 00:40:46,319
because we may not maybe the other

1070
00:40:52,470 --> 00:40:48,000
galaxy don't have the same number of

1071
00:40:55,349 --> 00:40:52,480
planets that we we have in our milky way

1072
00:40:57,990 --> 00:40:55,359
all right well uh actually mark is just

1073
00:40:59,109 --> 00:40:58,000
mark d antonio is an astronomer and he

1074
00:41:01,270 --> 00:40:59,119
is

1075
00:41:03,109 --> 00:41:01,280
just mark are you there

1076
00:41:07,349 --> 00:41:03,119
yes i'm here how are you

1077
00:41:09,829 --> 00:41:07,359
hey mark how you doing uh

1078
00:41:11,510 --> 00:41:09,839
yeah uh so mark you hit you were trying

1079
00:41:13,430 --> 00:41:11,520
to send me a question

1080
00:41:15,430 --> 00:41:13,440
so yeah i thought well maybe it's better

1081
00:41:17,510 --> 00:41:15,440
just to have you oh you're on your phone

1082
00:41:19,190 --> 00:41:17,520
that's that's cool how you did that well

1083
00:41:20,950 --> 00:41:19,200
yeah i mean it makes you there's our

1084
00:41:21,990 --> 00:41:20,960
there's our east coast telescope there

1085
00:41:24,470 --> 00:41:22,000
um

1086
00:41:25,589 --> 00:41:24,480
listen one of the questions i had was uh

1087
00:41:27,589 --> 00:41:25,599
frank was

1088
00:41:31,030 --> 00:41:27,599
um you know obviously i've been a

1089
00:41:32,870 --> 00:41:31,040
proponent of seti i i've uh i included

1090
00:41:34,390 --> 00:41:32,880
quotes actually from seth

1091
00:41:36,470 --> 00:41:34,400
in our book you know

1092
00:41:38,710 --> 00:41:36,480
but the question i want to ask was

1093
00:41:40,069 --> 00:41:38,720
um you know we have an observatory uh

1094
00:41:41,510 --> 00:41:40,079
here in the east coast we have one on

1095
00:41:43,589 --> 00:41:41,520
the west coast

1096
00:41:45,030 --> 00:41:43,599
um and the remote systems i run them

1097
00:41:46,470 --> 00:41:45,040
from here

1098
00:41:48,790 --> 00:41:46,480
and um

1099
00:41:51,030 --> 00:41:48,800
the building out in arizona actually has

1100
00:41:54,230 --> 00:41:51,040
room for two more systems

1101
00:41:55,750 --> 00:41:54,240
um and we have one system in there now

1102
00:41:57,190 --> 00:41:55,760
um but

1103
00:42:02,470 --> 00:41:57,200
if

1104
00:42:05,109 --> 00:42:02,480
needed or as a test site a beta site

1105
00:42:07,190 --> 00:42:05,119
something to test some software

1106
00:42:09,430 --> 00:42:07,200
um i'd be willing to to do an

1107
00:42:11,270 --> 00:42:09,440
installation out there of equipment for

1108
00:42:12,309 --> 00:42:11,280
seti to try and actually further the

1109
00:42:15,030 --> 00:42:12,319
cause

1110
00:42:17,829 --> 00:42:15,040
actually

1111
00:42:20,230 --> 00:42:17,839
intelligent that's a very smart idea

1112
00:42:20,950 --> 00:42:20,240
because we're doing that now

1113
00:42:22,950 --> 00:42:20,960
we're

1114
00:42:24,150 --> 00:42:22,960
using lasers now to do simple ranging

1115
00:42:27,190 --> 00:42:24,160
stuff right

1116
00:42:30,550 --> 00:42:27,200
and i've i've built circuits to modulate

1117
00:42:32,150 --> 00:42:30,560
sound into lasers as well uh i could

1118
00:42:33,750 --> 00:42:32,160
shine a laser in the window and listen

1119
00:42:35,670 --> 00:42:33,760
to the conversation going on in the room

1120
00:42:37,589 --> 00:42:35,680
from hundreds of feet away i guess

1121
00:42:39,750 --> 00:42:37,599
that's kind of a bug right

1122
00:42:41,750 --> 00:42:39,760
but still it was a test you know and

1123
00:42:43,349 --> 00:42:41,760
those things work so i would think that

1124
00:42:46,150 --> 00:42:43,359
another civilization might actually do

1125
00:42:48,069 --> 00:42:46,160
that i like the idea very much

1126
00:42:50,630 --> 00:42:48,079
well we should put you in contact with

1127
00:42:52,710 --> 00:42:50,640
uh elliot gillam he's the director of

1128
00:42:54,950 --> 00:42:52,720
the laser city project

1129
00:42:56,790 --> 00:42:54,960
and in fact he's looking for sites

1130
00:42:58,150 --> 00:42:56,800
around the world to

1131
00:43:00,870 --> 00:42:58,160
set up this

1132
00:43:03,829 --> 00:43:00,880
this instrument so

1133
00:43:05,990 --> 00:43:03,839
yeah definitely we are as i mentioned we

1134
00:43:09,109 --> 00:43:06,000
have a site right now in hawaii another

1135
00:43:10,870 --> 00:43:09,119
one in california but he wants to grow

1136
00:43:13,190 --> 00:43:10,880
the network because we want to take

1137
00:43:16,309 --> 00:43:13,200
advantage of the rotation of earth so

1138
00:43:18,790 --> 00:43:16,319
having bases separated by

1139
00:43:20,790 --> 00:43:18,800
two thousand kilometer all around earth

1140
00:43:21,750 --> 00:43:20,800
will allow us to have a full coverage of

1141
00:43:24,309 --> 00:43:21,760
the sky

1142
00:43:26,309 --> 00:43:24,319
okay that might actually uh

1143
00:43:28,390 --> 00:43:26,319
that might be best suited them for the

1144
00:43:30,390 --> 00:43:28,400
connecticut site uh in the eastern

1145
00:43:33,510 --> 00:43:30,400
united states that we have and

1146
00:43:35,750 --> 00:43:33,520
not maybe not arizona um but the eastern

1147
00:43:38,470 --> 00:43:35,760
site you know we're redoing the building

1148
00:43:39,750 --> 00:43:38,480
um and uh that telescope i just rehabbed

1149
00:43:41,190 --> 00:43:39,760
it and that's going to go in there but

1150
00:43:42,950 --> 00:43:41,200
we're also going to have

1151
00:43:45,190 --> 00:43:42,960
a room for other systems

1152
00:43:46,710 --> 00:43:45,200
so that'd be pretty cool and the nice

1153
00:43:48,950 --> 00:43:46,720
thing is it won't be it won't be too

1154
00:43:49,829 --> 00:43:48,960
dependent on on light pollution

1155
00:43:51,670 --> 00:43:49,839
you know

1156
00:43:53,589 --> 00:43:51,680
for that project i don't think so that

1157
00:43:55,589 --> 00:43:53,599
would be kind of cool

1158
00:43:56,390 --> 00:43:55,599
yes i can't believe how this is looking

1159
00:44:00,790 --> 00:43:56,400
at

1160
00:44:02,550 --> 00:44:00,800
work in uh

1161
00:44:04,309 --> 00:44:02,560
if you don't have if you have a bunch of

1162
00:44:05,589 --> 00:44:04,319
light pollution yeah it'll work anyway

1163
00:44:07,109 --> 00:44:05,599
here we go

1164
00:44:09,030 --> 00:44:07,119
that's very cool wow

1165
00:44:11,270 --> 00:44:09,040
i'm glad this this kind of worked out

1166
00:44:12,950 --> 00:44:11,280
and it's all live so that's great well

1167
00:44:14,710 --> 00:44:12,960
you know martin you're you're a good guy

1168
00:44:16,550 --> 00:44:14,720
you know and and uh you know i like

1169
00:44:17,990 --> 00:44:16,560
listening to your shows well anyway

1170
00:44:20,309 --> 00:44:18,000
thank you frank it was nice to meet you

1171
00:44:22,630 --> 00:44:20,319
thank you very much mo uh and

1172
00:44:25,030 --> 00:44:22,640
maybe maybe he can connect your contact

1173
00:44:26,550 --> 00:44:25,040
yes okay yeah all right all right okay

1174
00:44:28,069 --> 00:44:26,560
thank you thank you thank you

1175
00:44:29,430 --> 00:44:28,079
thanks for coming in

1176
00:44:31,670 --> 00:44:29,440
yeah well that would be great if

1177
00:44:33,750 --> 00:44:31,680
something like that worked out

1178
00:44:35,829 --> 00:44:33,760
definitely you see yeah your show has

1179
00:44:37,510 --> 00:44:35,839
been extremely useful for science it's

1180
00:44:38,390 --> 00:44:37,520
great

1181
00:44:45,430 --> 00:44:38,400
yeah

1182
00:44:47,990 --> 00:44:46,550
so i have

1183
00:44:50,069 --> 00:44:48,000
yeah i have a little trouble with that

1184
00:44:51,990 --> 00:44:50,079
sometimes but i remember i told you in

1185
00:44:54,309 --> 00:44:52,000
the beginning i had avilloba on a couple

1186
00:44:55,589 --> 00:44:54,319
of times and i think that's great that

1187
00:44:57,589 --> 00:44:55,599
he has

1188
00:44:59,430 --> 00:44:57,599
um an open mind

1189
00:45:01,190 --> 00:44:59,440
and you know i know he's really stirred

1190
00:45:03,190 --> 00:45:01,200
up a lot

1191
00:45:05,349 --> 00:45:03,200
there's been a lot of controversy about

1192
00:45:06,870 --> 00:45:05,359
his thoughts on the possibilities but i

1193
00:45:09,349 --> 00:45:06,880
think it's great that he's open to the

1194
00:45:11,910 --> 00:45:09,359
possibility that it could be something

1195
00:45:15,910 --> 00:45:11,920
important and and you know uh

1196
00:45:18,150 --> 00:45:15,920
an antique uh you know dead spacecraft

1197
00:45:20,230 --> 00:45:18,160
or something of possibilities you know

1198
00:45:22,230 --> 00:45:20,240
and the thing that we always think of

1199
00:45:25,270 --> 00:45:22,240
when we think about that is that rock

1200
00:45:26,950 --> 00:45:25,280
that someone did a graphic of but

1201
00:45:29,510 --> 00:45:26,960
from the way it reacted

1202
00:45:31,750 --> 00:45:29,520
as it went by um the sun it it's

1203
00:45:32,870 --> 00:45:31,760
probably really thin something really

1204
00:45:36,710 --> 00:45:32,880
thin

1205
00:45:38,150 --> 00:45:36,720
that whole situation

1206
00:45:41,030 --> 00:45:38,160
so

1207
00:45:43,190 --> 00:45:41,040
the one of the major issues with

1208
00:45:45,750 --> 00:45:43,200
is the fact that we detected it

1209
00:45:48,150 --> 00:45:45,760
after he passed the sun

1210
00:45:50,230 --> 00:45:48,160
and that's a problem we basically don't

1211
00:45:53,349 --> 00:45:50,240
have enough data point not enough

1212
00:45:55,950 --> 00:45:53,359
observation of this body it does exhibit

1213
00:45:58,550 --> 00:45:55,960
some kind of weird um

1214
00:46:00,550 --> 00:45:58,560
non-gravitational acceleration

1215
00:46:03,510 --> 00:46:00,560
which is basically the idea is that he's

1216
00:46:06,550 --> 00:46:03,520
not following up a very perfect ob that

1217
00:46:07,910 --> 00:46:06,560
you expect uh considering the the

1218
00:46:10,470 --> 00:46:07,920
presence of the sun there'll be some

1219
00:46:13,510 --> 00:46:10,480
slight deviation like if he was blown

1220
00:46:15,190 --> 00:46:13,520
away by something okay we have seen that

1221
00:46:17,430 --> 00:46:15,200
on other solar system bodies we have

1222
00:46:19,589 --> 00:46:17,440
seen that on comets we have seen that on

1223
00:46:22,069 --> 00:46:19,599
asteroids that outgas

1224
00:46:24,069 --> 00:46:22,079
et cetera and we have now discovered

1225
00:46:26,309 --> 00:46:24,079
that a semester whether some kind of

1226
00:46:28,069 --> 00:46:26,319
volcanic activity

1227
00:46:30,150 --> 00:46:28,079
this is a beast that's coming from

1228
00:46:32,309 --> 00:46:30,160
another planetary system with a

1229
00:46:35,190 --> 00:46:32,319
composition that may be very different

1230
00:46:37,750 --> 00:46:35,200
to what we have in our own solar system

1231
00:46:40,470 --> 00:46:37,760
so i don't want to undermine any heavy

1232
00:46:42,069 --> 00:46:40,480
theory but in my mind

1233
00:46:44,309 --> 00:46:42,079
this is the problem the problem is that

1234
00:46:46,230 --> 00:46:44,319
we don't have enough data it's coming

1235
00:46:47,349 --> 00:46:46,240
from very far away from us very

1236
00:46:50,630 --> 00:46:47,359
different

1237
00:46:53,270 --> 00:46:50,640
so maybe he has a very weird behavior

1238
00:46:56,550 --> 00:46:53,280
and we will not know that

1239
00:46:58,309 --> 00:46:56,560
until we go back to try to catch on him

1240
00:47:00,950 --> 00:46:58,319
and see him have a

1241
00:47:02,710 --> 00:47:00,960
mission that basically visits

1242
00:47:04,790 --> 00:47:02,720
and that's gonna be very difficult

1243
00:47:08,150 --> 00:47:04,800
because he's far away already

1244
00:47:11,510 --> 00:47:08,160
or if we find another another one

1245
00:47:12,950 --> 00:47:11,520
soon enough and we study it

1246
00:47:15,990 --> 00:47:12,960
theoretically

1247
00:47:19,190 --> 00:47:16,000
models show that we should have one

1248
00:47:21,829 --> 00:47:19,200
visitor interstellar visitor like that

1249
00:47:24,549 --> 00:47:21,839
every year we saw boris of

1250
00:47:29,589 --> 00:47:24,559
uh two years later if i remember mama

1251
00:47:34,549 --> 00:47:31,750
we are building telescopes

1252
00:47:36,950 --> 00:47:34,559
the vera rubin telescope that will be

1253
00:47:39,750 --> 00:47:36,960
able to cover the entire sky the

1254
00:47:41,990 --> 00:47:39,760
southern sky every three days and we

1255
00:47:44,069 --> 00:47:42,000
have the sensitivity to see objects like

1256
00:47:46,390 --> 00:47:44,079
this earlier

1257
00:47:48,069 --> 00:47:46,400
so we are making progress in science to

1258
00:47:50,470 --> 00:47:48,079
be able to see them

1259
00:47:52,710 --> 00:47:50,480
so i'm getting ready in fact every time

1260
00:47:55,190 --> 00:47:52,720
someone asks me what kind of instrument

1261
00:47:57,829 --> 00:47:55,200
you want to uh install on this next

1262
00:48:01,589 --> 00:47:57,839
space telescopes or on this next

1263
00:48:02,790 --> 00:48:01,599
ground-based telescopes i always say

1264
00:48:06,790 --> 00:48:02,800
something that will be able to

1265
00:48:09,750 --> 00:48:06,800
characterize a umoi like object so we

1266
00:48:12,470 --> 00:48:09,760
have data to understand truly what's

1267
00:48:14,870 --> 00:48:12,480
going on i'm talking about mid-infrared

1268
00:48:16,230 --> 00:48:14,880
spectra to see the composition of the

1269
00:48:19,589 --> 00:48:16,240
surface

1270
00:48:21,829 --> 00:48:19,599
visible light sensitive enough to follow

1271
00:48:24,470 --> 00:48:21,839
their body all the way until they leave

1272
00:48:26,710 --> 00:48:24,480
and when they arrive so all of this it's

1273
00:48:29,030 --> 00:48:26,720
important it's we really need to have

1274
00:48:32,549 --> 00:48:29,040
more instruments capable of observing

1275
00:48:35,109 --> 00:48:32,559
the entire sky 24 7. and this is coming

1276
00:48:37,589 --> 00:48:35,119
lsst is one of them we have the ztf we

1277
00:48:40,470 --> 00:48:37,599
have multiple surveys like that

1278
00:48:43,589 --> 00:48:40,480
at class so we are getting better so my

1279
00:48:45,670 --> 00:48:43,599
answer is let's wait for another room

1280
00:48:47,910 --> 00:48:45,680
before jumping into conclusion for this

1281
00:48:49,430 --> 00:48:47,920
one and let's see maybe it would be very

1282
00:48:51,589 --> 00:48:49,440
different maybe we have used weird

1283
00:48:54,150 --> 00:48:51,599
gravitational acceleration and once

1284
00:48:56,470 --> 00:48:54,160
again let's have an open mind on this

1285
00:48:59,109 --> 00:48:56,480
and do some proper studies so we

1286
00:49:00,790 --> 00:48:59,119
understand what this body could be

1287
00:49:02,630 --> 00:49:00,800
did i see that there's some type of an

1288
00:49:06,150 --> 00:49:02,640
association between

1289
00:49:07,670 --> 00:49:06,160
seti and the galileo project that avilo

1290
00:49:09,349 --> 00:49:07,680
started

1291
00:49:10,150 --> 00:49:09,359
some type of connection

1292
00:49:12,630 --> 00:49:10,160
yes

1293
00:49:15,270 --> 00:49:12,640
maybe it's seven

1294
00:49:18,870 --> 00:49:15,280
is that's what it is yeah yeah that's it

1295
00:49:20,390 --> 00:49:18,880
and and what type of uh contribution are

1296
00:49:23,910 --> 00:49:20,400
they looking

1297
00:49:26,710 --> 00:49:23,920
from so seth himself is not he's not not

1298
00:49:30,150 --> 00:49:26,720
seti it's that's separately from this i

1299
00:49:33,349 --> 00:49:30,160
got it yeah i got it yeah yeah well well

1300
00:49:35,430 --> 00:49:33,359
it's it's all very interesting um i'm

1301
00:49:38,790 --> 00:49:35,440
just looking here we have about five

1302
00:49:41,430 --> 00:49:38,800
minutes left to the show so um

1303
00:49:42,870 --> 00:49:41,440
so what do you think um you

1304
00:49:44,790 --> 00:49:42,880
you said on another show that you think

1305
00:49:45,589 --> 00:49:44,800
within 10 years where we're going to

1306
00:49:46,390 --> 00:49:45,599
find

1307
00:49:48,150 --> 00:49:46,400
um

1308
00:49:50,870 --> 00:49:48,160
life i don't think you said intelligent

1309
00:49:52,470 --> 00:49:50,880
life but do you think the odds are just

1310
00:49:54,390 --> 00:49:52,480
as high that there's intelligent life

1311
00:49:56,230 --> 00:49:54,400
out there

1312
00:49:58,630 --> 00:49:56,240
um you know i know everything else start

1313
00:50:01,829 --> 00:49:58,640
microbial you know mike yeah everything

1314
00:50:03,670 --> 00:50:01,839
has to start small and evolve but still

1315
00:50:05,190 --> 00:50:03,680
um you know we

1316
00:50:05,990 --> 00:50:05,200
we have the odds are out there that

1317
00:50:07,990 --> 00:50:06,000
there's

1318
00:50:09,670 --> 00:50:08,000
intelligent life and possibly much

1319
00:50:11,990 --> 00:50:09,680
higher intelligent life than we have

1320
00:50:14,470 --> 00:50:12,000
here

1321
00:50:15,910 --> 00:50:14,480
yeah and also i mean intelligent life is

1322
00:50:19,270 --> 00:50:15,920
something that

1323
00:50:21,910 --> 00:50:19,280
we may need to be better characterized

1324
00:50:24,950 --> 00:50:21,920
meaning that uh if we are looking for

1325
00:50:27,270 --> 00:50:24,960
biological intelligent life like ours

1326
00:50:30,150 --> 00:50:27,280
we're probably restraining significantly

1327
00:50:32,710 --> 00:50:30,160
our search to planets like earth

1328
00:50:35,270 --> 00:50:32,720
orbiting around g-type stars sun-like

1329
00:50:37,589 --> 00:50:35,280
stars that receive the same kind of

1330
00:50:40,069 --> 00:50:37,599
light so have the same kind of

1331
00:50:43,109 --> 00:50:40,079
vegetation and as involved in the same

1332
00:50:44,870 --> 00:50:43,119
way frankly this kind of life probably

1333
00:50:47,349 --> 00:50:44,880
don't are very

1334
00:50:50,230 --> 00:50:47,359
there is very small percent of that

1335
00:50:53,349 --> 00:50:50,240
if you want to find life like big life

1336
00:50:55,430 --> 00:50:53,359
any type of life we will have to learn

1337
00:50:56,470 --> 00:50:55,440
to learn more and understand more what

1338
00:50:58,150 --> 00:50:56,480
is life

1339
00:51:00,870 --> 00:50:58,160
so that's one of the reasons i'm really

1340
00:51:02,790 --> 00:51:00,880
pushing for us to start building those

1341
00:51:03,589 --> 00:51:02,800
new space telescopes

1342
00:51:06,870 --> 00:51:03,599
like

1343
00:51:09,190 --> 00:51:06,880
uvo rx is the cod name we have it's a

1344
00:51:11,349 --> 00:51:09,200
six meter class telescope

1345
00:51:13,430 --> 00:51:11,359
that will be a ball with an adaptive

1346
00:51:16,549 --> 00:51:13,440
optic system in the sky that we're able

1347
00:51:18,390 --> 00:51:16,559
to take images of planets we're not

1348
00:51:20,549 --> 00:51:18,400
talking about transiting nothing like

1349
00:51:22,870 --> 00:51:20,559
this here you see an image of a planet

1350
00:51:24,870 --> 00:51:22,880
for an astronomer an image is a dot just

1351
00:51:27,670 --> 00:51:24,880
don't get too excited man

1352
00:51:30,069 --> 00:51:27,680
it's just a tiny dot but that's enough

1353
00:51:32,069 --> 00:51:30,079
for us because one dot

1354
00:51:34,790 --> 00:51:32,079
with the color

1355
00:51:37,190 --> 00:51:34,800
and the motion of the dot

1356
00:51:39,030 --> 00:51:37,200
the variation of light give us a lot of

1357
00:51:41,030 --> 00:51:39,040
information about the planet whether or

1358
00:51:43,109 --> 00:51:41,040
not the planet has as an ocean the

1359
00:51:47,750 --> 00:51:43,119
composition of the planet whether the

1360
00:51:50,309 --> 00:51:47,760
planet has a desertic area um crawfields

1361
00:51:51,589 --> 00:51:50,319
all of this the planet we with an image

1362
00:51:53,270 --> 00:51:51,599
we get

1363
00:51:55,829 --> 00:51:53,280
significantly more information we've

1364
00:51:58,150 --> 00:51:55,839
been seeing the shadow of the planet so

1365
00:51:59,829 --> 00:51:58,160
oh yes we um

1366
00:52:01,750 --> 00:51:59,839
huvo ix

1367
00:52:03,510 --> 00:52:01,760
is the top priority of the decadal

1368
00:52:06,549 --> 00:52:03,520
survey of

1369
00:52:08,630 --> 00:52:06,559
of nsf nasa so that's mean that we will

1370
00:52:10,790 --> 00:52:08,640
have funding

1371
00:52:12,150 --> 00:52:10,800
in the next 10 20 years to build this

1372
00:52:15,589 --> 00:52:12,160
instrument

1373
00:52:19,829 --> 00:52:17,990
wow that will be amazing i just wanted

1374
00:52:22,230 --> 00:52:19,839
to show up for the

1375
00:52:24,470 --> 00:52:22,240
for the western this is a very

1376
00:52:25,589 --> 00:52:24,480
interesting image from the web telescope

1377
00:52:28,950 --> 00:52:25,599
and that's like

1378
00:52:34,630 --> 00:52:30,950
it's not like a that's like the birth of

1379
00:52:38,630 --> 00:52:37,270
uh oh i'm not hearing you did we lose

1380
00:52:40,230 --> 00:52:38,640
your audio

1381
00:52:43,430 --> 00:52:40,240
we may have lost your

1382
00:52:45,510 --> 00:52:43,440
your audio uh

1383
00:52:48,390 --> 00:52:45,520
you know we're we're we have to wrap in

1384
00:52:49,109 --> 00:52:48,400
a minute uh less than a minute anyway so

1385
00:52:51,910 --> 00:52:49,119
uh

1386
00:52:54,549 --> 00:52:51,920
you can wave to the audience but thank

1387
00:52:56,390 --> 00:52:54,559
you so much it was really uh a pleasure

1388
00:52:58,470 --> 00:52:56,400
pleasure uh i really enjoyed being here

1389
00:53:00,150 --> 00:52:58,480
there you are you're back yes thank you

1390
00:53:01,990 --> 00:53:00,160
well we have to wrap anyway but i want

1391
00:53:03,990 --> 00:53:02,000
to thank you so much for your for uh

1392
00:53:05,589 --> 00:53:04,000
being on the show tonight

1393
00:53:07,910 --> 00:53:05,599
thank you very much

1394
00:53:10,630 --> 00:53:07,920
all right you take care and uh hopefully

1395
00:53:12,470 --> 00:53:10,640
you'll be the one that uh discovers life

1396
00:53:14,630 --> 00:53:12,480
out there i hope you do

1397
00:53:16,390 --> 00:53:14,640
i would be back all right i will be back

1398
00:53:17,349 --> 00:53:16,400
yeah you can come back all right take

1399
00:53:19,510 --> 00:53:17,359
care

1400
00:53:21,190 --> 00:53:19,520
all right again bye now

1401
00:53:23,109 --> 00:53:21,200
all right everyone so we'll be back next

1402
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week uh we have dr michael masters

1403
00:53:26,630 --> 00:53:24,880
should be a good show thank you so much

1404
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for watching and remember to keep your

1405
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eyes to the sky